Protect yourself from the potential dangers of buying CBD—from untested products to mislabeled contents—with these 3 easy methods.
Hidden Dangers of Buying CBD
The popularity of CBD has skyrocketed since the 2018 Farm Bill[1]https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2018/12/14/the-farm-bill-hemp-and-cbd-explainer/ formally legalized the industrial production of hemp. New CBD products have flooded the market at record rates. CBD oil, CBD-infused beer, coffees, toothpicks, gummies, pet treats, beauty products, chocolate, skin patches, crystals, lip balm, and about a thousand other iterations are now available. You can buy this stuff at specialty shops, online, and even at your local gas station.
Practically overnight, CBD has become an $11 billion global industry. Researchers predict CBD sales will increase 107% each year in the US for the foreseeable future. According to Rolling Stone magazine[2]https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/new-study-cbd-market-22-billion-2022-722852/, CBD could be a $22 billion industry in 2022.
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Traditional corn and soybean growers have begun adding hemp to their crop rotations. Small organic farms are transitioning from growing vegetables to hemp. Hemp, grown for CBD, is poised to become the new tobacco for Southern growers struggling to fill the void left by the loss of that cash crop.
In fact, CBD is so popular right now, that smart people should be putting on the brakes and doing a whole lot more research before buying into all that noise. Here’s why.
The THC/CBD Dilemma
CBD, short for cannabidiol, comes from Cannabis sativa plants, commonly called hemp. That’s the exact same plant we also call marijuana. To put it another way, hemp and marijuana are cultivars of the same parent plants.
Similar to the way small genetic differences make some roses pink and others red, minor genetic differences distinguish these two popular cannabis plants. With hemp and marijuana, the trait that differentiates one cultivar from another is not color, but THC content.
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THC, short for tetrahydrocannabinol, is the substance in marijuana that makes you feel “high”. At least according to the US government, THC is a highly addictive drug and is regulated like cocaine and heroin. CBD, by contrast, is not believed to be addictive or to have the side effects associated with THC. However, it is still considered to be a drug, and not a dietary supplement, according to the FDA.
Both marijuana and hemp contain THC and CBD. The big difference between them, though, is the relative rates of THC to CBD. Marijuana cultivars have much higher levels of THC relative to CBD. While, hemp plants have higher levels of CBD relative to THC.
Problem #1: THC-Laced CBD
This connection between CBD and THC in hemp plants is the first danger to be aware of when buying CBD. The relative ratio of THC to CBD is fixed. However, environmental conditions can cause the CBD levels in hemp plants to radically increase. When that happens then the THC levels in hemp automatically increase as well.
According to US law, when a hemp plant contains more than 0.03% THC, it is no longer hemp. It’s then classed as marijuana. Unfortunately, there is no universal, federally-mandated test to ensure that the hemp used in CBD products isn’t actually marijuana.
Some states have implemented randomized testing. For example, in North Carolina, where I live, all licensed hemp farms must contact authorities so that one plant from each hemp variety grown can be tested for THC during flowering.
Hemp Goes Hot
Currently, based on those tests, it’s believed that about 10% of hemp[3]https://catawba.ces.ncsu.edu/2018/11/hemp-production-keeping-thc-levels-low/ in North Carolina are “going hot”. Going hot means the hemp plants are developing too much THC to be legal. This is just data from my state and every state has different regulations[4]https://www.consumerreports.org/cbd/how-to-shop-for-cbd/ on testing.
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Conditions that cause hemp plants to go hot can include drought, flooding, excessive soil nutrients, not enough nutrients, heat, cold, elevation, variety planted, cross-pollination[5]https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/weighing-the-risk-of-cannabis-cross-pollination (with fiber or seed hemp and marijuana) and lots more unknown factors[6]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138517301772. Given the kind of weather extremes farmers are facing, and the popularity of other forms of Cannabis sativa the chances of some hemp going hot is pretty high (Yep, pun intended!).
Right now, due to the newness of growing hemp for CBD and the lack of universal and comprehensive testing processes, there are lots of farmers who plant hemp but end up growing illegal marijuana. Some of this THC-laced hemp inevitably makes its way into the CBD market.
Problem #2: Regulatory Gray Area
A lot of people ask if its legal to buy CBD products without a prescription. I’ll get into the deep details of legality in a separate article. But the short answer is … it’s complicated.
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The practical reality is that there is enormous confusion and gray area in terms of CBD regulation. As such, most regulatory authorities are taking a less-than-comprehensive approach to stopping illegal product sales. Meanwhile, policy makers are trying to figure out how best to navigate the challenges of legalizing hemp when CBD and THC are still FDA-regulated drugs.
FDA Ambiguity
The FDA, which currently has regulatory authority over CBD, says this[7]https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis:
[T]he agency has warned companies to stop selling CBD products they claim are intended to prevent, diagnose, treat, mitigate, or cure serious diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, psychiatric disorders and diabetes. While we have focused on these types of products, we will continue to monitor the marketplace for any product that poses a risk to public health, including those with dangerous contaminants, those marketed to vulnerable populations, and products that otherwise put the public health at risk.
Given the large number of CBD vendors on the market and the very small number of warnings the FDA has issued, some people think the FDA is effectively choosing not to exercise its regulatory rights except in the case of clear public safety issues. However, it’s also possible that the FDA is just developing a more comprehensive plan before they direct resources toward tougher regulation of CBD or waiting to see if lawmakers legalize cannabis at the federal level.
CBD and the Wild West
In either case, no regulatory authority is consistently ensuring the quality or legality of CBD products. There are also no clear guidelines to tell sellers of CBD products what their responsibilities are in terms of consumer safety.
Basically, CBD is a bit like the Wild West of consumer products. Until policymakers make clear decisions on how CBD is to be regulated, consumers need to be extremely vigilant about product safety.
Problem #3: Mislabeling and Misinformation Run Rampant
Did you start your day with a cup of CBD-infused coffee, while applying your CBD facial serum and CBD body lotion, then cleaned your teeth with a CBD toothpick at lunch, and drank a CBD beer after work?
Product Mixing
Hopefully not… but the reality is that some people are so caught up in all the CBD hype and exciting products that they take compounding doses of CBD, in multiple forms, daily. This can be problematic because many of those products don’t list, or incorrectly list, their CBD content. Without understanding the bio-availability of different applications or various mediums, or even safe total dosages, that kind of indiscriminate product mixing could have unexpected consequences. The FDA’s most recent consumer update specifically warns consumers that we don’t yet know the cumulative health impacts of all these different product applications.
Labeling Inaccuracies
Besides that, many research organizations, and the FDA, have tested CBD products[8]https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2661569 to determine their actual levels of CBD. Many of those tests have shown that many products either have lots more or much less CBD than stated on the label. Tinctures and CBD oil seem to come closer to, or be higher than, than their stated CBD amounts. While many water-based products, beauty items, and edibles fall short on the CBD. Not surprisingly, some of those products also test positive for illegal limits of THC.
Snake Oil Sellers Haven
All that regulatory gray area—amid the scientific and anecdotal evidence emerging about the benefits of CBD—have created a perfect environment for snake oil sellers to slap the letters CBD on their labels and cash in on the hype. These kinds of disreputable sellers put public health at risk. Yet, in a flooded market without consistent regulation, it’s hard to know who you can really trust.
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Even honest sellers are at risk for inadvertently selling products with mislabeled CBD or THC dosages. For example, small-scale craft beauty products or herbal remedy makers simply don’t have the financial resources to run third party verification on every new batch of CBD they add to a product.
Of course, there are also a number of CBD sellers out there who take their own precautions to ensure the safety and quality of their products too. Yet, the fact is that today there is more regulation on fresh vegetables at the grocery store than on concentrated doses of CBD in your wellness products.
3 Easy Ways to Buy Safer CBD
So… that’s the bad news. The good news is there are some relatively simple things you can do to make better CBD buying decisions.
Tip #1: Request a Certificate of Analysis
The easiest way to limit your CBD buying risk is to request a copy of the certificate of analysis. This is a document provided by a third-party testing company. It should show detailed analysis of the exact breakdown of active and possibly toxic compounds in the CBD products offered for sale. Specifically, it should show the quantity tested and the amount of THC, CBD, and other active or toxic compounds in each specific product offered.
For example, here is a recent Certificate of Analysis for The Grow Network’s 1500mg CBD Oil.
Similar to random samples of hemp plants, product tests are representative. So, not every bottle will have identical content to the test results. But if the tests are recent and the sellers are forthright in giving you access to see them, you can at least be assured they’ve made some efforts to ensure product quality. (Note: Small producers may not do their own testing, but they can contract with suppliers who do use third party testing.)
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Personally—given the agricultural-side risks for variable CBD and THC content, the regulatory gray area, and the numerous cases of mislabeling—I think third-party testing of finished products is the only way to have some peace of mind when buying CBD products. Also, make sure the party providing the certificate is a legitimate, accredited testing facility unaffiliated with the product seller.
Tip #2: Look for Clear Dosage Details
Before you buy that bottle of CBD gummies, that CBD-infused chocolate bar, or any other CBD product, check the back label to find out exactly how much CBD is in each serving or application. If that information is easy to find, that’s a good sign. It means that the supplier realizes you need to know the approximate content so you can make safe dosing decisions when using CBD products.
If that information is not obvious, that should raise questions. Is the seller unsure of the CBD quantity in their product? Are they hiding the fact that it may contain too little or too much CBD? Are they trying to trick you into buying other hemp products with low levels of CBD for the price of concentrated CBD?
Detailed dosage on labeling is no guarantee of actual content. Yet, by putting that information right on the label, sellers can be held accountable for discrepancies from independent tests or by the FDA as they monitor the CBD product marketplace.
Tip #3: Steer Clear of Hard Sells About Medical Uses
There are a lot of CBD products out there. So, sellers do have to hustle to explain why their CBD product is better than the competitions’ CBD product. For example, they may brag about their third-party testing, talk about their organically certified hemp growers, explain their extraction methods, and the like.
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Personally though, I suggest you steer clear of sellers that tell you all the specific medical uses for CBD. Making any medical claims about the benefits of CBD is absolutely illegal in the US right now, except for a single FDA product approved for specific kinds of epilepsy. The FDA has already taken preliminary legal action against many CBD sellers who make unapproved medical claims.
Shady Sellers
Companies that continue to use those hard sell methods are clearly uneducated on the FDA’s regulatory stance relating to CBD. If a seller can’t even keep their marketing strategies above the very low bar the FDA has set for ignoring unapproved CBD sales, then how can you trust that seller’s integrity and expertise on the product side? Plus, quite frankly, lots of CBD users want the FDA to maintain its minimal role. And if too many sellers are aggressively thwarting the law, that could make it harder for conscientious sellers to make CBD available to customers.
Skip the CBD Upsell
Right now, there is so much anecdotal evidence about the benefits of CBD to alleviate pain, help with anxiety, or facilitate sleep. There is also a lot of new scientific evidence emerging about the potential applications of CBD for many medical conditions. So, really, trustworthy sellers shouldn’t need to upsell the benefits of CBD. They just need to distinguish their product quality from the mess of snake oil out there.
By the way, the FDA has posted copies of all the warning letters sent to CBD sellers[9]https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/warning-letters-and-test-results-cannabidiol-related-products on their website. That’s a good place to cross-check, too, if you have concerns about a CBD supplier.
CBD and Self-Regulation
I’m personally not a fan of government regulation, except when it comes to large corporations. So, I am hoping that the CBD and THC products are eventually going to be treated like a legal herbal supplement. I also don’t mind having to do my own research and to be a savvy consumer.
The challenge for CBD consumers right now is all this confusion on the newness of legal hemp production, legality issues, and a lack of guidance to consumers and sellers on labeling laws. Industrial hemp’s similarity to marijuana, and the state and federal conflicts surrounding marijuana, also muddy the waters. The borderline illegality and the connection to marijuana have also made selling CBD products attractive to a lot of disreputable players trying to cash in on the hype.
All of this means that, CBD buyers must be more educated on and alert to the issues than is necessary for something like a garlic or vitamin supplement. This is no easy task in the middle of the policy discussions and changes taking place at state and federal levels. But, if you made it to the end of this article, you are clearly committed to being a conscientious CBD buyer. And I know you can find high-quality products among the numerous questionable ones.
As always, when using any kind of self-dosed supplement, go slowly. Watch for side effects. Stay current on the emerging research on possible interactions or data on long-term use. Also, make sure to consult qualified medical practitioners for any serious health issues.
What Do You Think?
What are your experiences with CBD oil? How do you use it? Share your thoughts in the comments!
_______________
This is an updated version of an article that was originally published on December 6, 2019.
Psst! Our Lawyer Wants You to Read This Big, Bad Medical Disclaimer –> The contents of this article, made available via The Grow Network (TGN), are for informational purposes only and do not constitute medical advice; the content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. If you think you may be suffering from any medical condition, you should seek immediate medical attention. You should never delay seeking medical advice, disregard medical advice, or discontinue medical treatment because of information provided by TGN. Reliance on any information provided by this article is solely at your own risk. And, of course, never eat a wild plant without first checking with a local expert.
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The Grow Network is a global network of people who produce their own food and medicine. We’re the coolest bunch of backyard researchers on Earth! We’re constantly sharing, discovering, and working together to test new paths for sustainable living—while reconnecting with the “old ways” that are slipping away in our modern world. We value soil, water, sunlight, simplicity, sustainability, usefulness, and freedom. We strive to produce, prepare, and preserve our own food and medicine, and we hope you do, too!
References
| ↑1 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2018/12/14/the-farm-bill-hemp-and-cbd-explainer/ |
|---|---|
| ↑2 | https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/new-study-cbd-market-22-billion-2022-722852/ |
| ↑3 | https://catawba.ces.ncsu.edu/2018/11/hemp-production-keeping-thc-levels-low/ |
| ↑4 | https://www.consumerreports.org/cbd/how-to-shop-for-cbd/ |
| ↑5 | https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/weighing-the-risk-of-cannabis-cross-pollination |
| ↑6 | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138517301772 |
| ↑7 | https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis |
| ↑8 | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2661569 |
| ↑9 | https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/warning-letters-and-test-results-cannabidiol-related-products |
This information is well written and accurate. I’ve been in discussions with agriculture experts regarding CBD production and the variables therein, as well as the lack of solid scientific validation on CBD oil, THC content, etc.
Some shady sellers might just press hemp seeds or buy hemp seed oil and sell the oil as CBD oil (it is hemp seed oil but it is not CBD oil). Lab testing and an honest trustworthy company is a must.
Also missing is information regarding the relationship between THC and CBD as well as all the various other compounds and terpenes. Researchers don’t understand these compounds and any synergies between them. Taking CBD from an ultra low hemp might not do anything for you because the THC is too low or missing. We simply don’t know, but many of the positive medical testimonials involve CBD from marijuana with high THC levels and not from hemp with little to no THC. We don’t know how critical the THC was in curing the cancers and diseases or stopping the seizures which doctors have seen cured by medical marijuana/CBD. Also a lot of people that are getting seizure relief are using a CBD with a high THC content. I keep looking for testimonials regarding ultra low THC hemp CBD oil but have yet to find enough data to eliminate the need for the THC (I trust the observations from doctors, I don’t put a lot of faith in the rest of the claims!out there). And before you get to thinking that perhaps this person (meaning myself) just wants an excuse to get high off THC, I assure you that I am allergic to smoking marijuana, and I have yet to get some decent organic low THC CBD to try to see if I am allergic to it as well (and weather or not it does anything for me).
Also, most of the hemp strains that are low THC and high CBD are genetically modified organisms aka GMO. GMOs are not allowed in organic, which is an added reason you need it to be tested and certified organic… there has to be an organic seal on the label or it isn’t organic.
Never buy CBD oil or any marijuana/hemp that is not 100% certified organic (and it has to have the organic seal on the label, anything without a real organic certification and logo is not on the level and shady, especially if they only claim it is organic, yet they do not have a certification nor lab testing for organic (which is exactly why I sent back the bottle of CBD I previously purchased through The Grow Network. It was NOT organic, there was absolutely no testing for it being organic, no pesticide testing, and there was absolutely no certification. They simply claimed they were told the hemp was grown with organic methods and extracted in a clean manner… total BS… and I have no idea if any of the current stuff has a label with an organic seal, but they didn’t seem to care and it seemed like they were ok taking a salesperson’s word as it being organic. I might have given it a shot if they at least had lab testing for pesticides, but they didn’t, and it reeked as shady and lame and it was a lot of hassle to return it and I had to pay the return shipping on it, I’m not about to let them try to fool me twice). Note: the example link to testing (above, in the main blog), was not working at the time I posted this. I suspect it was an example of very basic non organic testing that did not include testing for pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or any other substances banned by organic standards.
Pesticides, fungicides, algecides, mold inhibitors, chemical fertilizers, etc. You do not want these in your food and definitely not in anything you smoke or concentrate (like CBD oil). It’s gotta be organic or don’t touch it.
Finally, if you are not allergic like me, I highly recommend testing CBD The following 3 ways:
Little to no THC and a decent concentration of CBD
Mild THC “
High THC “
Buy the high THC and the no THC and mix them to get the middle/mild ratio of THC to CBD. The researchers have no idea if the THC is necessary, but many think it is. And if it is necessary, then they have no idea of the ratios it is most effective at and your personal tolerance (please don’t drive nor operate heavy machinery while under the influence/effects of THC). That 3 ratio test will allow you to find out what works best for you. Simply try it out for a week or 2 on each strength and hopefully it becomes obvious.
If this reply actually posts, read it while you can, I fully suspect they will not post it or will hide it soon after it’s posted. Yes, it is critical of TGN but is 100% honest and true, (they made that bed so they can lie/lay in it). But they are human too, so I cut them a little slack although I will still tell the truth and use my experience as a cautionary tale/example for others.
You have some really good points, thank you.
You have some really good points, thank you.
This is an excellent article, with many salient points. Tasha voices many of my concerns and problems with the burgeoning CBD craze. I am so happy that the botany is correct! I see many purveyors of CBD products saying that marijauna and hemp are two entirely different plants. Their ignorance makes me crazy, and less trusting of anything else they have to say.
Thanks for this, Tasha.
While we are supporters and followers of you and your work, and have become members and bought several products, we wish you would do more research on CBD products. While you are giving advice on CBD it is mostly marketing oriented, and not supported by the quality of product you are selling. This is disappointing, and hopefully you are open to finding a better supplier. The studies as well as common sense show that a full spectrum product has much better efficacy and is preferred, not the isolate like you have been sold.